Thursday February 17th

We played a review game to get ready for test tomorrow. Have a nice break.

-Tim S.

Protein Synthesis-Translation+Transcription

Hello! Today we took out our homework and Mr.Finley looked it over. Make sure you looked at the transcription video for homework!!! If you watched the wrong video, make sure you go back and watch the right video and take any notes you might need!
GUESS WHAT!!!! MR.FINLEY MOVED OUR TEST TO FRIDAY!! YAYAYAYAYYAYAYAY THANK YOU! BUT: The Study Session is going to stay THURSDAY morning at 7:00-7:40!! Don't get the days confused!
NOW lets start the SCIENCE!

The homework Video Summary:

Transcription is the process in which RNA is assembled from a DNA’s template. The double helix is joined together by bonds between complementary based pairs. DNA encodes genetic information in the sequence of bases on one strand. The portion of the DNA molecule that is a single gene, or coding region, is founded by termination promoter sites. A molecule of RNA and race binds to the promoter site. It moves along the DNA separating the two strands of the double helix. Each unpaired base, now will bind to a nuclei tide in the vicinity witch each has the appropriate, complementary base. In the synthesis of RNA Uracil is the nuclei tide complementary to adenine. This process stops when the RNA and races reaches the termination site. The DNA strands bind together once again as the new RNA molecule moves away. This RNA is a copy or a transcript of the message carried in the gene.

Process Map From Homework:

Part 1:
In the nucleus...
(Transcription)

1. DNA unzips


2. Nuceotides(floating around) connect to one side of the unzipped DNA


3. mRNA is made(copy of gene)


4. mRNA leaves and DNA re zips


5. Leaves the nucleus through pores

Part 2:

mRNA heads to Ribosomes on Endoplasmic Reticulum...

(Translation)

1. mRNA joins with Ribosomes


2. Ribosomes needs message. 1 codon at a time. CODON-3 nucleotides.


3. tRNA(that match the codon from mRNA) brings the amino acids to ribosomes.


4. Takes the amino acids


5. Repeats the process and connects all the amino acids to form a protein.

Class discussions:

-When your replicating a DNA then your copying all of the DNA, the whole DNA.

-When your transcribing a DNA then your copying one part of the DNA; like the gene that colors your hair.

-We use mRNA to make proteins and we use proteins for EVERYTHING.

Why do we need to replicate our DNA?
We need to replicate our DNA because when you have new cells they need new DNA and they need that new DNA to know what to do like healing a wound.

-We break down proteins in to amino acids. We need the amino acids to create new proteins.

-Molecules make up amino acids

After we wrote everything on the smart board and had our class discussions about DNA the bell rang and we were off to lunch!

Vocabulary you might want to know:

• mRNA-Messenger RNA


• tRNA-transfer RNA


• Codon-3 nucleotides

CL<3>

2/16/11

February 15, 2011

First, we took a look at the homework. We went to the site with the stimulation.
We talked about how the DNA copies and creates a RNA. But what happens to the unzipped DNA? It rezips. In other words, the DNA zips and makes an RNA in the process we saw in the stimulation. Then the DNA goes back and rezips to the other DNA strand. Then the RNA leaves the Nucleus. This first part is called a transcription. Another question arose. What does your body do to heal a cut? New skin cells. These new cells need the DNA and so the old cells replicate and make new DNA. Next we started talking about translation. Amino acids make protiens from the RNA strand. They are made from molecules which is made from atoms. A series of three nuclietides is called of a codon or code. That code refers to a amino acid. Mr. Finley showed an example of the word "Black Block" on the board and our minds interperet it as a real black block. The code refers to the amino acid needed. So lets go back to the activity with the tables and the message. just like the message, the DNA cannot leave the nucleus. so it transcribes the DNA and makes mRNA which takes the transcription to the Ribosomes which translates it and says which amino acid to use to create protiens. This is why there is a rough endoplasmic reticulum buy the nucleus, because there is ribosomes for Protein production. After the ribosome has read the mRNA, it needs the amino acids which are transfered by the transfer RNA.
Here's the stimulation page: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transcribe/
-Mark v.

Sam's Blog!

Today in class we went over our homework. Also here is a reminder!- TEST THURSDAY! Study Study Study!!!!
Protin does everything! Ex. If you wear contacts you have to put them in solution to get more protin.

• DNA Replication- When a cell reproduces, some parts can simply divide.
  


• The longest stage in the cell cycle is interphase.
  


• A DNA molecule is made up of nucleic acid building blocks called Nitrogen Bases.
  


• During replication, the DNA molecule "unzips". The base pairs separate.
  


• Protein Synthesis Recall that proteins play an important role in cells and in multicellular organisms.
  


• Protein Synthesis is another important process that takes place throughout interphase.


• At the ribosome, mRNA pairs up with molecules of transfer RNA.


• Each piece of tRNAbhas three bases and carries a spacific amono acid.


• Proteins are made in a cell's ribosomes. Protein synthesis involves several stages. First, the genetic information from the nucleus has to be carried to the ribosomes. This is done by a molecule called messenger RNA ( mRNA).
• Replication
• RNA uses uracil
• RNA does not use thymine but DNA does
• RNA has different backbone then DNA
• DNA ( DXY ribose)
• RNA is only a copy
• DNA is actual instructions
• RNA is transcription and DNA is replication
• SIngle is RNA (sugar strand)
• Double sugar strand is DNA

By Samantha Caggiano <3>

DNA

Today in class we finished the experiment from yesterday which was when we had groups and one group had to transfer a message to a table and the table that recieved the message had to translate it and another group had to read it aloud, an another group was giving messages to another table that wasn't aloud to talk. Some questions that we answered are

What part of the cell was group A?
Some groups thought it was the nuclues and the cell membrane. People thought it was hte cell membrane because it sends the information to another part. People thought it was the nucleus because it stores the DNA, in this case would be the message.

We also took notes:
- chromitin is the picutre in my blog
- DNA stands for Deoxynnbo nuclic acid
- in DNA there is also a chromiton
- the sugar backbone is a twisted ladder known as a double helix
- adenine thymine cytosine guanine are the four nucleic acids
- the order of nucleic acid tells us a code

-Allie Mansfield

In class to day we started by going over the questions from the book. We said that the chemicl energy is ATP. Aways know that food is gluscose and gluscose not the chemicl energy. we get the sun energy from the plants. So plants need the sun becouse with out the sun they could not make oxgyen and we could not make the carbon dioxide so the plaint would die. The stating materials for photosynthesis are oxgyen and gluscose. We let out the energy from the gluscose. If you did not eat you do not grow and you do not get the energy. So plaints would die if they did not have oxygen the would not make sugar and would not eat and would not grow and get energy. So as the grow they need more energy and more oxgyen to make the food. breathing and in cellular respiration are then same because think use oxygen and to reales energy store in the sugar such as givscose. then we played a game. there were 6 poeple in the big tables. then 4 at the front table. they had to get a message to the other tables. then the other poelpe walked around but could not ask questions. then my group had to hide a code. then we tryed to pass the code around to dise code the code. to make it make sense. we id not get to finsh all we got was WE ARE LEARNING

Cells Capture and Release Energy

Today we have a substitute and we hy ave to read 2.2 page 47 in our book. What we read was that...
Animal cells get energy from food, while plant cells get energy from sunlight. All cells use chemical energy. Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms of every molecule. A major source for most cells is stored in a sugar molecule called glucose. You need food energy to run, walk and even sleep. When you run, muscle cells realease chemical energy from glucose to move your legs.

Some cells capture light energy.
The source of energy for almost all organisms ultimatly comes from sunlight. PLants change the energy in sunlight into a form of energy their cells can use- ---the chemical energy in glucose. Photosynthesis is the prosses that plant cells use to change the energy from sunlight into chemical energy. Photosynthesis takes place in plant cells that have chloroplasts. Chloroplast contains chlorophyll, a light absorbing pigment or colored substance that traps the energy in sunlight. The prosses of photosynthesis involves a series of chemical steps. An exsample... 6CO2+6H2O-->C6+H12+O6+6O2.
1. The starting materials of photosynthesis is carbon dioxide and water. The plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil.
2. The process takes place when carbon dioxide and water enters the plants chloroplasts. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight which is used to change carbon dioxide and water into new products.
3. The products of photosynthesis are oxygen and sugars such as glucose. The plant releases most of the oxygen to the air as a waist product and keeps the glucose for its energy needs.

Cellular Respiration, cells use oxygen to release energy stored in the sugars such as glucose. In fact, most of the energy used by the cells in your body is provided by cellular resporation. Mitochondria is used in cellular respiration, but chloroplasts is used in photosynthesis. Fermentation is the process by which cells release energy without oxygen. There are two types of fermentation, alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. Some bacteria release energy through lactic acid fermentation. .......................CA





http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/exper1/exper1.htm