Samantha's Blog

Heyy guys today we had a sub. We were supposed to read pgs. 101-107. This is section 4.1

Living things inherit traits in patterns-

• During sexual reproduction a cell containing genetic information from the mother and a cell containing genetic information from the father combine into a completly new cell, which becomes the offspring.


• A gene is a unit of heredity that occupies a spacific location on a cromosome and codes for a particular product.


• Heredity is passing of genes from parents to offspring.


• The various forms of the same gene are called alleles.


• An organism's phenotype describes the actual characteristics that can be observed.


• Genotype is the name for the genes an organisms has.


• A dominant allele is one that is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present in the genotype- that is, even if the other allele is an alternative form.


• A recessive allele is one that is expressed in the phenotype only when 2 copies of it are present on the homologs.

Ex. Hair color is determined by multiple genes, can be affected by the environment, and sometimes changes over time. In somecases it has a dominantrecessive pattern similar to that of the eye fold gene. A brown haired mom or dad can have a bloned haired child. The allele for brown hair is dominant.

Answer questions 1-8 on pg 107 after reading this

That is basically it and that is the important stuff!

Samantha Caggiano Peiod 4 4th time

Pea Genetics and Heredity

We started class by going over our homework. The big idea is that we inherit physical and personality traits from our parent and other people in our family. We continued with our pea experiment. If you weren't able to get all the peas the same, you have to continue. If you did, you have to start over. In my group, we started with 2 wrinkled peas,one yellow, and one green. The first four times, we breeded two children that were exactly the same and the last time, we self-breeded one pea. Big Question: WHAT ARE WE DOING? Answer: We're developing a model to predict what the next generation will look like. Sample Prediction for breeding a wrinkled green and a smooth yellow: 2 green, 2 yellow, 2 wrinkled, and 2 smooth.

Science is about:

• Elimanating the wrong answers


• Finding a pattern


• Sharing ideas

It's NOT about being right.

Nobody created all of science.

CC Blog #4

Pea Soup link

Today in class, we went on Mr. Finley's website and we are making a list of everything we see on the pea soup link. Right away we saw peas. The peas are all the same size and color. Some are wrinkled and some different shapes. One group thought they were yellow while others thought they were green. The also thought that the green ones were more wrinkled then the yellow ones. Some are different then others. Everyone in the room has a different simulation. So everyone is looking at different things. Like parents, everyone has different parents so all the kids look different. Lea's group noticed that there is one "odd ball" which means it looks different from the rest. At the top they show the parent peas with two children peas. Underneath the children there are radio buttons, which make them breed. They can self-pollonate. We were talking about how the parents look like the children. We chose peas to breed and predicted what would happen. If we weren't wrong we have to go back and change our hypothesis. We go back untill we get it right. Some of us predict that they will stay the same while others think that there will be a 50-50 split. One group thinks that all of them are going to change in some way. Mr. Finley wants us to play 5 times untill we get it right 5 times in a row. It's important to keep track of what you thought and what actually happened. We think it's a good idea to make a table of your results. Happy testing!

CA - 4th time

http://sonic.net/~nbs/projects/anthro201/exper/experiment.cgi?begin=yes

Monday March 28

Today in cl;ass we continued to do what we did last week. we did the process of Meiosis. we left off at Propahse 2 and started telephase. So for telephase the chromosomes are in bundles far from each other-then line up to seperate. The directors for this phase turned the chromosomes into an x shape. then the picture was taken. Next was Metaphase 2. in this process the directors had spread each group of chromosomes across the side, so they would be facing each other. Since we were running out of people we had to take away one side of the chromosomes so the centriole could pull them apart. Now were on anapahse 2. the directors had done thier job again and had seperated the chromosomes. In telephase 2 the directors had the centrioles remove the spindle fibers so that the chromosomes could smosh up together in big bundled up groups. we finally had fineshed all the phases, and moved on to the next thing in class. miosis and mitosiss are very similar the only difference of them are it is in two. For the rest of class we talked about the zygote form foring fully.the process that we go through to recieve more cells is mitosis. Now that the body continues to go through mitosis every cell will go through it. it has continued now and the boy has become an adolescent. the process we are now on for anormal growing boy is meisos. the meisosis occurs in the testes.- which the sperm cells make and goes through 4 processes. When the male and female perform the delivery method not all is done yet to recieve baby. there about a couple processes. they engage in sexual intercourse to get them in the same place - th sperm has to mix with the egg which is fertilization. if two different sperm cells mix with two different egg cells then you get feternal twins, if they are all the same them they merge and make one sinlge baby. the fertilization occure in the zygote form. then we wrapped up class and all left. Carolina Dimler PERIOD 4 4 round

today we are doing a BIG TIME REVEIW ! we stared by fixing around the room and the tables into a square. then Mr.finley gaves a number up to 5. then he cold out numbers. they went in to the square. then they got portners of 2 and then the 4 of them got to one side of square. then we are got to modle the steps in mitose. we stored in interphase. they were all in the nuclues.

then they did prophase they got together and make X shaped chromosomes and added centerols. after we put ropes and put it on the X shape chromosomes and the spinldol fibers were add too. this is metaphase. the centrioles that shout out sipindoe fibers that are atached and pulled the chomosomesa part.

then the chromosomes go and atached togother and the newe nucles is formed this is anaphase.

then we stored over in meiosis and did the same as mitose interpgase.

then in prophaase we put to of the pair together and made the crosing over and tritrad.

then we got in a line and put the tritrad in the line and add spindol fiders and centriols.this is metaphase.

then they are pulled a part and to the besty think and but they'r hand out in anaphase.

then this is all we did so for the end see mondays blog.

3/24/11 ariel chacon 11:32 roumd4

Wed. March 23

My 1st blog was deleted so i had to start over :(! Today, was s a short period! in class, we talked about crossing over from yesterday. Crossing over is when the chrosomones spilt and take half a piece of each other. in prohase 1, your homlegous pair you connect to them and form a tetard. the picture about crossing over druring meiosis is shwoing how the homlogous pairs changes during each of the stages. Mr. Finley also told us that ><. then he told us to stand on our chairs and he told us if you had brown eyes you died, which is why he asked if you had brown eyes, why did the population decrease? it decrease because most of the students had brown eyes in the class. we went over our homwork and we went to lunch!

-Jodi Bull (4th round) :)

Mitosis and Meiosis

Today in class we talked about the similarities and differences between the process of mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis
-trying to split chromosomes
-end up with 2 cells
-cells are body cells
-asexual
-body cell-growth and repair

Meiosis
-more steps
-meiosis1 spindle fibers connect to one side of chromosome
-happens because we're splitting homologus pairs
-end up with 4 cells
-cells are gametes
-gametes {sex cells}
-sexual
-2 divisions which gets you 4 cells
-crossing over occurs between homologus pairs

Similarities
-DNA and chromosomes
- meiosis 2 is similar to mitosis {splits chromosomes}
- cell division
-utilize centreols
-envolve eukaryotes
-X shaped chromosomes

Notes

-The point of meiosis is to make a new sperm and egg.
-Girls finish meiosis before we are born and don't go through it again
-Meiosis is in the overes
-For boys it starts at 10-13 and they go through it until they are about 70
-It's in the testies for boys
-Meiosis can happen without having a child present

Crossing Over

Crossing Over is when 2 chromosomes split and take a piece of each other (about a quater) the homologus pairs connect and form a tetrad.This happens in prophase 1. A tetrad is a group of chromotids.

-Allie Mansfield 4th time<3

Mr. Finley's class blog- 3-18-11

Egg cell....................................

sperm cell....................................

Happy friday everyone!!!! Tonights the dance!!!! (just reminding everyone, lol). So now onto science. Our homework was to read the questions on mr. finleys homework page and then write the answer in our notebooks or on the computer. These were the questions:

1. If an egg and sperm cell merge, what can you say about the amount of chromosomes each must have?
It must be 50% percent of chromosomes from each cell (egg and sperm) when they merge so that the daughter cell can have 100% of their chromosomes.

2. How does this relate to a homologous pair of chromosomes? (same kind)
Sara attemped but failed at the answer. It's ok, Sara! she said that half come from the mom and half from the dad chromosomes, but Mr. finley objected. Homologous pairs pair by 2's. He explained this on the board. HALF of your homologous pair comes from the mom (chromosomes), HALF of your homologous pair comes from the dad. Good save, Sara! Once again, a homologous pair is two chromosomes that have the same trait. Chromosomes determine how you look, like your physical traits.

3. Could we start with a normal cell, go through mitosis, and end up with an egg or sperm cell? why not?
No this is not possible. You cannot just get a skin cell to produce a egg cell out of nowhere. Plus, cells can only produce cells that are the same kind as them. When we split two skin cells, we need them to have 100% percent of chromosomes for the two new daughter cells to have 100% of the chromosomes as well. But when we have a sperm and egg cell, we need them to have 50% so when they merge, they will create 100% percent for the new cell.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

After this, we began reading an article on meiosis. It talked about how flowers are still producing sexually because they self-pollinate and also how diferent mammals and plants reproduce asexually and sexually. Some key terms are:

Haploid- Repeoductive cells containing half of a parent'c chromosomes.

Zygote- Combined sperm and egg cell

Fertilization- process of sperm fertilization of the cell

By the way, Mr. finley added that sexual reproduction and sexual intercoarse are NOT the same thing. (awkward, yes, but nessicary!!)

Now today, (monday) mr finley is away and now we are working on a venn diagram and also a meiosis activity. See you tomorrow Mr. Finley!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

That's all!!!!

- Caroline S. (best student ever) :D
- caroline s :D

3/17/11

The Cell Cycle

First in class, Mr. Finley told us that if we couldn't do the homework from last night because your computers wouldn't open the simulation, you can show him the homework tomorrow. Also, if you can't open the simulation, it works better on older computers.

Paramecium

Next, we discussed with our groups about how a paramecium reproduces. My group said that a paramecium is single-celled and eukaryotic, so the paramecium would go through mitosis. First, there is prophase, which is when chromatin becomes chromosomes and becomes visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down and dissolves, centrosomes become centrials which also move to opposite sides of the cell. Next, there is metaphase. Metaphase is when the centrials create spindlefibers which align the chromosomes at the center of the cell. Then, anaphase is when spindlefibers pull chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell. Lastly, telophase is when a new nucleus forms around chromosomes and the cell starts to pinch closed.

Next, we discussed how we reproduce. We need two parents and the offspring don't look exactly like the parent because it has genetic information from both parents. Also, sexual reproduction and sexual intercourse are commonly mixed up. Remember that sexual reproduction is the actual cells reproducing.

We also learned that....
-sex is just a delivery method that gets the cells where they need to be

-sperm cell- male

-egg cell- female
-other traveling cells are pollen (plants) and spores (fungus)

-sperm cells come from testicles

-egg cells come from ovaries

-zygote- combined cell

When the sperm cell finds the egg, the genetic material combines, it becomes one cell , and the cell continues to grow. When the cell combines, the new cell has 50% of each original cells chromosomes (50+50= 100%).

M.K.B. 4th blog

Today in Mr. Finley's class we finished the rest of the slide shows that are getting graded. After we finished the slide shows, we went over our homework from last we about the two animation videos about mitosis and we had to write a paragraph of which video is better to explain mitosis. we also went over our class work from yesterday.








Questions and answers from school work yesterday.



1. How does binary fizzen relate to cell division?

A: it is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in prokaryotic


3.compare sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction

A: asexual reproduction you look exactly like your parent
in sexual reproduction you look some what like your parents. we don't reproduce asexual reproduction we are sexual reproduction.

these are the only two questions that you need to know.

Importent info about chromosomes

• these are called autosomes which are also chromosomes


• chromosomes go from two lines to an X shape


• l l - sex chromosomes


• when chromosomes are in X shape there special term is called chromotaids - only called this when its in X shape
• chromosome are always in a pair even when there in X form

Reproduction in cell Division

Today in class we are reading pages 88 to 92. We have to answer questions 1 through 6 on page 92.

1) Binary fission relates to cell division because they both reproduce cells.

2) A bud is a process in which an organism develops tiny buds on its body. The buds are formed by the parent cell. This means that the buds genetics are the same as the parent cells genetics.

3) Asexual Reproduction: Sexual Reproduction:
Cell division Cell division and other process
One parent organism Two parent organisms
Rate of reproduction is rapid Rate of reproduction is slower
Offsppring identical to parent Same genetic info as parents






4) No, prokaryotes can not got go through regeneration because they are only single celled and if they are single celled, they will because mitosis die and they can not repair themselves when they are not alive.

5) Binary fission is like mitosis because it has a cell splits and makes new form of itself. The daughter cell is like the parent cell. They are different because mitosis only happens in eukaryotic cells.

6)They have traits there parents dont and vice versa.

Garrett Pope 4th Blog.

in the beginning of class we went on the computers and we started working on our presentations.
Our presentations are about the cell cycle including these parts:
-Interphase (growth, DNA replication, and preperation for cell division)
-Prophase
-Mataphase
-Anophase
-Telophase

On friday we took pictures with our phones after we organized what the cell looks like in each phase, and now we are writing about what happens in each phase.

in INTERPHASE, the DNA duplicates to prepare for mitosis. in interphase the nucleus isnt completely visible.

in PROPHASE, the nuclear membrane dissolves so that you cant see it anymore. the chromotin becomes chromosomes. the centrosome becomes 2 centrials and they move to opposite sides of the cell.

in MEAPHASE, the centromere is connected to the centrials by spindle fibers. the spindle fibers align chromosomes inside the cell.

in ANAPHASE, the paired chromosomes seperate at the kinetochores and move to opposite sides of the cell.

in TELAPHASE, the new membranes form around the daughter nulcei while the chromosomes disperse are not vivible inside the light of the microscope. Cytokenisis can also begin during this stage.

Chromosomes: coiled DNA

Chromatin: uncoiled DNA

ALYSSE MACHALEK (BLOG 4)

Presentations

file://mitosis1/Today in class we started trying something new.
Everyone brought their phones to class,and each group was given a dry erase board,peices of postists, and we are making slide shows of examples of mitosis.
*We also as always have our group leaders.*
The post its were in an order to help us. The cell we are making, is a fruitfly, and each color postit (purple, blue,pink, and yellow) represent chromosomes. The presentation must be from interphase to cytokinesis. First, my group drew a cell, and labled it interphase. We aranged the postits in the nucleus, so the nucleus was very visible. We took a picture with my phone and emailed it to our selfs so we could put it our presentation. We did Prophase, reranged the postits,and took another picture. We repeated the steps, for each stage. While some people are drawing and making the cells, others are making our presentation.

Remember your group leaders, checking for homework, checking the blog calendar, and comenting once a month! (or more)
:)
Natalie (4th)

Mitosis Review

Today in class we went over our answers for the book questions which we did over the past two days. We also confrenced our answers for the extended responce (questions 7 and 8).

For the multiple choice the answers were:

1. D ten hours

2. C 21 hours

3. D 22 hours

4. A DNA replication

5. B 6 hours

6. B metaphase.

We dont go over the answers with Mr. Finley so make sure you contact your group to find out the answer they got!!! Make sure that you use your time vey thoroughly because you never know weather or not you will be handing the work in!!!

The stages of mitosis in order are:

1. Prophase

2. Metaphase

3. Anaphase

4.Telephase

Next we went over what happens in prophase which is the process of chromatin (unraveled chromasomes) becoming chromasomes. Only one other important thing happens, which is the centrasomes become centreals and then they move to opposite sides of the cell. plus only chromatin is visible in the microscope!! So basically, the chromatin becomes chromasomes. Then the nuclear membrane breaks down. And Finally, the centreals go to opposite sides of the cell.

Next we went over Metaphase. The big idea is that the nucleus totally dissapeared and dissolved. And that the centreals have produced spindle fibers connecting to the chromasomes (the centromere to be exact). And there is one last thins that is MOST IMPORTANT THING IN METAPHASE IS: that all the spindle fibes aline the chromasomes to the CENTER on the cell.

After we went over anaphase. So prepair youself, this might be tricky. First thespindle fiber pull apart all the chromasomes to opposte sides of the cell. You can tell the cell is in anaphase by the chromasomes pointing to the center of the cell.

And finally, telephase. A new neculus forms around the chromasomes and the cell begins to pinch apart.

*REMEMBER YOUR GROP LEADERS AND TO COMMENT ON YOUR BLOGS!!!

-V.F. (tori fusco)

Splitting Up Into Groups

Mr. Finley is splitting us into different groups.

Group 1: Complete pg. 97

Group 2: At the front reviewing worksheet and look at cells.

Group 3: Completing simulation and taking notes. - 1. go to cellsalive.com 2. click on mitosis 3. write important steps for each stage write key terms

I am in group 1 right now...

1) How long does the growth phase of the cell cycle take?

2)How much time does the cell cycle spend in Interphase?

3)What total length of time it takes for the skin cell to complete 1 full cell cycle?

4) What phase of the cell cycle takes about 8 hours?

5)Suppose another type of skin cell takes 44 hours to complete one cell cycle. If all of the phases are proportional to the length of time shown in the diagram, how long will the preperation for the cell division phase last?

6) According to the diagram, what is the 2nd stage of mitosis?

Answer Key:

1) D- 10 hours

2) C- 21 hours

3) D- 22 hours

4) A- DNA Replication

5) B- 6 hours

6) B- Metaphase

7) We can account for these numbers because the cell spends the most time in interphase. So more cells will be in inter[hase. Then since it takes less time for mitosis to happen less cells will be in mitosis.

8) You could use an onion root and put it in different temperatures.

Now I am in group 2...

1) Why would we expect the onion root to be dividing?

We said the onion root would be dividing because it needs to grow so it can gather more water for the plant.

2)What are the dyed objects inside the cell?

Chromosomes.

3) Is there evidence of cellular division?

Yes because you see that the chromosomes are in different phases and in different places and that means that they are going through the different cycles and in the different phases they look different.

We didn't finish all of it so the other info on the other group will be posted tomorrow...

R.K. (4th time)

Monday, March 7, 2011

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase

Remember to know your group leader!

Today we went straight to the lab. The lab was looking at a onion root under the microscope and answering some questions. In this lab, the point is to look at the chromosome arangements and trying to see the different stages of cell divisio0n. Here are the questions and their answers:

1. You are looking at the cross sectional of the tip of an onion root. Why might you expect an onion root tip have cells that are dividing?

The cells might divide so that the root can dig deeper and hold the onion in the ground. So really it is for growth.

2.Find and look at all three of the slices breifly. What are the dyed objects inside of the cell?

The dyed objects in the cell are the nuclei.

3. Is there evidence of cellular division? Explain.

Yes, some nuclei are darker than the others because the cell is going through mitosis. They are darker because the chromosomes are beginning, and are, visible.

4. Draw at least 4 different cells at what you'd call "different stages." Only draw ONE cell in each box and label the stage.

See Above

5. Explain why you believe the cell is in each stage.

Interphase: We think this one is in interphase because the necleus cannot be seen and during the interphase the nucleus cannot be seen.

Pro phase: We think this one is in prophase because the chromosomes can be seen.

Metaphase: We think this one is in metaphase because the chromosomes are lined up the middle.

Anaphase: We think this one is in Anaphase because the Dna is on either side fo the cell.

There's the lab! If you didn't finish it in class, yopu have to finish it for homework.

Mark V. 4th time

Period 4 Microscopes Friday, March 4

Do you know who your group leader is?
Mr. Finley started something new and now each group MUST have a group leader!!!

We went over the questions we did on Tuesday.

Question answers
3.1

1. Cell division is important becasue it helps multi-cellular orgainisms to grow develop and repair. Single-celled organisms use cell division to reproduce.
2. Genetic material in cells is orgainized and contained in the DNA in the nucleus. It contains the cells information for the organisms growth and functions.
3. Cell division is involved in growth, development ,and repair of an organism. In growth the cells grow until they no longer can and split off to create new cells. In develompment the cells develop special characteristics from the cell it split from. When cells repair they replace the old ones with the new ones.
4. DNA compacts before eukaryotic cells divide. The chromosones get compacted around a spool. The chromosones compact more and more and once they've compacted a lot they can be visible under a microscope.
5. Injuries to the skin heal faster because the skin cells heal faster than the cells in your brain.
6. MR. FINLEY DIDN'T GO OVER!!
   

3.2

1. The two main parts of the cell cycle are interphase and mitosis.
2. The cell is growing for mitosis preperation.
3. The genetic material in 2 daughter cells is similar to the genetic material in 2 parent cells because the the daughter cell broke from the parent cells causing them to both have the same genetic materials and characteristics. Ex. Mother and father dog compared to their litter of puppies.
4. First, prophase. Second, metaphase. Third, anaphase. And fourth, telophase.
5. Animal Both Plant
   *Membrane pinches *Divide *Wall splits
6. MR.FINLEY DIDN'T GO OVER THIS ONE!!
   

We then used the microscopes. We looked at the tip of an onion root. Here is an example of what we saw:

Mr. Finley then gave us a sheet to do about what we saw. Here are the questions asked on the sheet.

1. You are looking at cross-sectional slices of the tip of an onion root. Why might you expect an onion root tip have cells that are dividing?
2. Find and look at all three of the slices briefly. What are the dyded objects inside the cell?
3. Is there evidence of cellular division? Explain.
4. Draw at least 4 different cells at what you will call "different stages". Only draw ONE cell in each box and label the stage.
5. Explain why you believe the cell is in each stage.

The bell rang while we were still working but Mr. Finley said we didn't have to finish it. You could if you want to.

E.M. 4th time around

March 3,2011

Today we began class by answering the following questions. (I included my goup and classes responses)
Example of a Eukaryotic One Celled Organism-1) paramecuim
2) euglena
Example of Multi Celled-
1) Sunflower
2) Sara
3) Dog
* be specific about your examples

Which of the examples above would use mitoses to grow/develop/repair/cells? Why?
Only multi cellular organisms use mitoses because if a single celled organism splits and creates more then it isn't a single celled organism anymore because SINGLE celled means only one cell. Mitoses is the process of the nucleus divideing. If we destroy every cell in our body then we can't survive becuase we are designed to have multi cells and single celled organisms are metn to have 1 cell. A dog will use mitoses to grow and repair itself if it gets hurt. Also, humans will repair themselves if they get cut. They use it to grow too. ex. newborn--> toddler--> child--> tween--> teenager--> adult-->senior
How would the other use mitoses?
The single cell organism would use it to reproduce.
What would be true about the two resulting cells?
They all are exactly the same. If we looked at multiple cheek cells they would look the same.

Extra notes
*differeent types of cells look different becuase they are designed to do different things
4 stages of mitoses
1) prophase
2)metaphase
3)anaphase
4)telophase
3 big parts of the cell cycle
1) interphase (longest stage)
2) mitoses
3) cytokenisis (shortest stage)
cytokenisis is the actually process of splitting
chromosome is coiled up DNA(if it was uncoiled it would be called cromotin)
****************CHROMATID- EACH OF THE SIDES OF A CROMOSOME***********
-SARA M 4th round blog

A chromosome in its "x" form.

March 2, 2011, Period 4 Blog

First off, Mr. Finley gave us credit for the work we did while he was absent. Then, we had a chance to ask some questions. Below is the information gathered from the question and answer session:

Cell Division

- Chromosomes are formed by two DNA strands going directly next to each other forming an "x" shape. At the center of the "x" is a dot which is called the centronene or the kineticore.

- Microtubleores- strands that pull off a DNA strand from the chromosome.

- Spindlefiber- same as microtubleores

- Chromotin- Unraveled DNA

- DNA is raveled up within the chromosome.

- Mitosis is the process in which the cells divide and the DNA is transferred to the two new daughter cells.(Prophase to Telopahse)We go through mitosis for development and repair.

- Cytokinesis- The cell memberane opens and the cells are two different cells now. (the ripping apart of the two new daughter cells)


By Tim Sienko (4th round)